A Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC) is an important part of India's financial system and one of the most widely used financial institutions in the country, giving loans and other forms of financial help to borrowers. The RBI maintains a distinct set of regulations for NBFCs, just as it does for banks. These rules, however, are subject to change depending on the circumstances.

In recent years, RBI compliance requirements for NBFCs have been more stringent than in the past. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) used to have advantages over banks. In comparison to banks, the RBI's regulations for NBFCs were significantly more liberal, but following the Sahara case, the RBI enacted new regulations for NBFCs, and they are now subject to RBI's ongoing scrutiny. Securitization of Standard Assets and Rules for NBFC Private Placement are two of the most essential guidelines. The RBI is attempting to prevent NBFC speculation. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) issues notifications for NBFCs' additional compliance requirements.

The NBFC Annual Compliance refers to the yearly compliance deadlines and returns that NBFCs must file. The list is compiled in accordance with the RBI's rules and master directives.

The Non-Banking Financial Company Returns (Reserve Bank) Instructions of 2016 require non-banking financial enterprises to comply with the regulations.

According to Liabilities

    • NBFCs that accept deposits.

    • NBFCs that do not accept deposits.

    • Systematically Important (NBFC-ND).

    • Non-Deposit Holding Companies.

On the basis of activities

    • Infrastructure Investment Company (IIC)

    • Company for Investment and Credit 

    • Core Investment Company with Systemic Importance (CIC)

    • Companies that guarantee mortgages

    • NBFC-Factors

    • Microfinance companies.

    • Infrastructure Debt Fund non-banking financial company that invests in infrastructure (IDF-NBFC)

Returns and compliance of RBI-registered NBFCs

The NBFC-NDs-SI and NBFC-SI deposit companies must file the following reimbursements, according to Master Direction:

Deposit The following reimbursements are required of NBFCs:

NBS-1 Refunds: Every NBFC that receives or administers public funds is required to produce a quarterly NBS-1 report. The goal of this return is to collect financial data such as profit and loss accounts, assets and liabilities, sensitive disclosures, and so on.

NBS-2 Refunds: Prudential Norms requires NBFCs receiving public funds to file a quarterly refund. After filing this reimbursement, the goal is to ensure that a number of strategic elements, such as asset division, financial sufficiency, NOF, and provision, are met.

NBS-3 refunds: It's also a three-quarter refund, which means that every NBFC that accepts a deposit must apply every quarter. Furthermore, the goal of adopting this return is to collect data on official investments in Liquid countries. Statutory investments also include Commercial Bank Fixed Deposits, Central or State Government Securities Schedules, and so on.

NBS-4 Recovery: The annual return of critical parameters in the NBS-4 format. The corporation that was rejected and held public funding must file a claim for reimbursement. It was previously fitted on NBS-5. NBS-5, on the other hand, has been suspended as of today.

NBS-1 is released every three months. The NBS-4 programme is used to track the payment status of rejected NBFCs that receive government subsidies.

NBS-6 refunds: This is a monthly reimbursement when an NBFC finds a financial market by accepting deposits with total assets of Rs. 100 crores or above.

    • A quarterly capital funds statement, risk-weighted assets, risk assets ratio, and so on.

    • Monthly Returns on Important Trade Parameters NBS-2 NBFCs-ND-SI

    • Monthly ALM Returns statement of short-term dynamic liquidity in NBS-ALM-1 format.

    • Half-yearly structural liquidity statement in NBS-ALM2 format

    • Half-yearly interest rate sensitivity statement in NBS-ALM-3 format

Return of branch information:

Non-deposit taking NBFCs with assets of more than 50 crores, but less than 100 crores have a quarterly return on crucial financial indicators. Non-deposit taking NBFCs with assets between 50 crores and 100 crores must provide basic information such as the company's name, address, Net Owned Fund, and profit/loss for the last three years on a quarterly basis.

The following returns must be submitted by NBFCs-ND-SI:

    • The structural liquidity statement is submitted once a year.

    • Asset Liability Management (ALM) returns refer to several returns submitted by NBFCs-ND-SI at different dates.

    • Branch Information Return- This is a quarterly return that must be submitted.

    • This is a monthly statement of short-term dynamic liquidity.

    • Interest rate sensitivity format — This is sent in every six months.

    • Mismatch of Assets and Liabilities- This is an annual statement.

    • NBS-7- This is a quarterly report that includes a capital fund statement, risk-weighted assets, risk asset ratio, and other information.

These are some of the RBI compliances that NBFCs must follow; failure to do so could land them in hot water and result in a penalty.

NBS-9-Filling of Return with RBI NBFCs-ND file for NBS-9, though the asset size is lower than Rs 100 crore.

The Statutory Meeting is called to provide the investors a chance to examine how far the organization's floatation has progressed and to present any unusual issues that require their approval.

The statutory meeting is held to advise investors on issues such as incorporation, offer allocation, contracts entered into by the organization, asset utilization, and so on.

Various legal rules, such as the Income Tax Act, the Companies Act 2013, and the GST Act, demand the keeping of books of accounts, including vouchers and receipts. Under all three rules, the books that must be kept up to date, the maintenance time, and the coercive demands are distinct.

Filing of GST Returns

A return is a document that a citizen is expected to file with the tax authorities, including the details of their pay. This is how tax officials calculate that how much money they owe in taxes.

An income tax return (ITR) is a form that you fill out to provide information about your earnings and expenses to the IRS. A citizen's expense risk is defined by his or her pay. If the return reveals that an excessive amount of tax was paid during the year, the individual will be eligible for an income tax refund from the Internal Revenue Service.

Forms AOC-4 NBFC (IND AS) and MGT-7 are used to file annual returns with the Registrar of Companies (ROC) within 30 days and 60 days, respectively, of the end of the annual general meeting.

If you are an NBFC and fail to comply with the regulations on time, the RBI will penalize you severely. The penalties for non-compliance range depending on the kind of NBFC. The confiscation of the NBFC license, or possibly the company's dissolution, might be one of the most serious repercussions.

Apart from the aforementioned RBI-mandated compliances, all NBFCs are also expected to comply with the Companies Statute 2013, as they are registered under this act.

The following are additional requirements that NBFCs must meet under the Companies Act of 2013:

    • ADT-1, Auditor Appointment

    • Accounting records should be up to date.

    • Statutory Registers must be kept up to date.

    • Financial Statements Preparation.

    • Organize Legislative Meetings.

    • Filings of Income Tax Returns.

    • AOC-4, Financial Statement Filing.

    • MGT-7, ROC Annual Returns Filing.

    1. How does a non-bank financial corporation (NBFC) raise funds?

To raise funds, NBFCs typically take money from banks or sell company papers or paperwork to shared assets. The corporation will then on-lend these monies to small and medium-sized businesses, retail clients, and so on.

    2. What is the difference between a non-bank financial institution (NBFI) and a microfinance institution (MFI)?

Non-Banking Financial Companies, or NBFCs, are non-banking financial institutions that operate in rural areas as banks without banks. MFIs are small-size account establishments that operate on a smaller scale than non-banking financial companies, or NBFCs. The oppressed portions of the general or rural population receive very little credit from MFI.

    3. Is it possible for an NBFC to give a loan?

Loans and credit facilities, retirement underwriting, planning, currency exchange, money markets, and merging business activities are all services that NBFCs can provide.

    4. In India, who is in charge of NBFCs?

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) regulates and manages all NBFC operations in accordance with the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934.

    5. How can I determine if my company is a non-bank financial institution (NBFI)?

When a company's financial assets account for more than half of its total assets and revenue from financial assets accounts for more than half of its gross income, it is considered to be engaged in financial activity as a primary business. RBI will register a company as an NBFC if it meets both of these conditions.

    6. Is Insurance Company a Non-Banking Financial Institution (NBFI)?

For a basic reason, insurance businesses are not NBFCs. They collect money as a protection premium from financial investors, invest it in explicit protections as defined by their regulator based on the type of protection item, and pay out returns or claims to their consumers.

    7. What does an NBFC mean in terms of systemic importance?

Non-Banking Financial Firm with Systemically Important Non-Deposit Taking (NBFC-NDSI) is defined as a non-banking financial company that does not tolerate/hold open stores and has all out resources of Rs. The appraisal used banks with a market capitalization of more than 2% of GDP as an example.

    8. What are the NBFC Compliances that are required on a regular basis?

The appointment of a director within 30 days of appointment, adoption of any notification in the company's Board Meeting, and submission of a certified copy of the same to RBI are all periodic compliances for an NBFC.

    9. What are the NBFC's Post-Incorporation Compliances?

Adoption of the Fair Practice Code, CIC Registration, FIU-IND Registration, Central KYC Registration, and Submission of Financial Information to Information Utilities are all Post-Incorporation Compliances for an NBFC.

    10. What are the various types of compliance that a non-deposit taking NBFC must adhere to?

Annual Compliances, Monthly Compliances, and Periodical Compliances are the several sorts of compliances for a non-deposit taking NBFC.